21 Mark the option which best summarizes the overall purpose of the NSPCC text:

(A) a report on different types of parental love.
(B) a cry for help.
(C) a campaign against child abuse.
(D) a crusade in defence of violence.
(E) an attempt to explain what the NSPCC is.

22 Which one of the following statements best captures the main idea of the NSPCC text?

(A) Violence is everywhere but does not lead society anywhere.
(B) It's time we stopped to react to and think about the way parents behave towards children.
(C) There are thousands of cases of sexual abuse towards children.
(D) The emotional effects of violence can have serious consequences.
(E) One should always respect one's father, no matter how aggressive his behaviour is.

23 In the sentence "He'd lay into me like I was his worst enemy" (line 4), the word worst is the opposite of which one of the following:

(A) better
(B) acceptable
(C) best
(D) worse
(E) most terrible

24 In the sentence "Finally a neighbour saw my bruised face and reported it" (lines 11 - 12), the meaning of the word reported is best defined by:

(A) recorded the incident involving Michael.
(B) described the father's crime.
(C) stated that the father had been wrong.
(D) read an article about it.
(E) told the authorities what had happened.

25 Which of the following did not occur in "Michael's Story" ?

(A) Michael was blamed for having accidents and had to lie down at home.
(B) His father would often be careful to make sure that he left no obvious signs of his violence on Michael's body.
(C) If Michael had cuts or bruises which could easily be seen, then Michael would be kept at home.
(D) Michael's injuries were once so bad that he had to receive medical treatment.
(E) The authorities were informed of his father's abuse and so Michael was given psychological help.

26 The word him in the second paragraph (line 3) refers to only one of the following people:

(A) Michael's counsellor
(B) Michael
(C) Michael's teacher
(D) Michael's father
(E) the neighbour

27 Which of the following is not cited as obvious forms of cruelty by parents?

(A) Rejecting children in conversation by never speaking to them.
(B) Giving children constant verbal abuse.
(C) Excluding their children from family occasions.
(D) Responding negatively to everything their children do.
(E) Acting as if their children simply were not present.

28 Which one of the following has the same meaning as "but they are only the tip of the iceberg" ? (line 18)

(A) The number of reported cases of cruelty to children is no more than a small proportion of the total number of cases which actually exist.
(B) The problem of children who are abused by their parents is less serious and less widespread than it seems.
(C) The treatment and punishment which Michael claims he has received from his father is atypical within the society under focus.
(D) The cases mentioned in the text reflect the true quantity of abused children in the society in question.
(E) There are suggestions or hints that certain members of society are taking a less serious view of child abuse.

29 Which one of the following is not included in the NSPCC text as an emotional effect on children ?

(A) Having difficulties in communicating with people.
(B) Feeling so low that they contemplate suicide.
(C) Believing themselves to be worthless.
(D) Performing badly in their schoolwork.
(E) Suffering from feelings of isolation.

30 Think about the entire text, its global meaning and the overall message; decide which of the following titles would best match the initials NSPCC:

(A) The Need to Stop Providing and Caring for Children
(B) The New Society for Problems of Cash for the Child
(C) Ring Now and Prevent a Child from Crying
(D) The Negative Social Problem of Care for Citizens
(E) The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children

31 Michael said that his father would lay into him (line 4). Which one of the following expressions is not synonymous with the phrase written in bold ?

(A) To strike hard, regular slaps and blows.
(B) To punch constantly with force.
(C) To force someone down on the ground.
(D) To strike someone deliberately several times.
(E) To smash into someone's body and/or face with your fists.

32 In the sentence "He said I wasn't to blame" (lines 13 - 14), the counsellor meant that:

(A) Michael had not been the cause of the abuse.
(B) Michael had had his arm broken.
(C) the counsellor acted as the father figure which Michael had always lacked.
(D) Michael's father had bruised him where it wouldn't show.
(E) because of his rages, Michael's father often forgot who Michael was.

33 Which of the following actions is not part of the campaign by the NSPCC ?

(A) It asks parents to be more patient and to consider their children more often.
(B) It makes an appeal to parents to consider more carefully how they treat their children.
(C) It attempts to persuade parents to think about how children can be affected by different forms of abuse.
(D) It encourages people to report any cases of violence towards children.
(E) It tries to make parents conscious of the penalties for violent abuse to children.

34 In the sentence "It was as if he forgot who I was" (lines 4 - 5), as if means:

(A) even though
(B) as though
(C) although
(D) as for
(E) if possibly

35 In "the NSPCC has launched a campaign..." (lines 31 - 32), the word launch means:

(A) made available.
(B) sent up into the air for the first time.
(C) floated into the water for a maiden voyage.
(D) started.
(E) completed.

36 Think about the photograph and the text. Which of the following best captures the message conveyed?

(A) Love and hate are two sides of the same coin.
(B) The symbol on his father's fists had no real meaning for Michael.
(C) Michael often felt like showing his love by using his fists.
(D) Michael's dad represented everything that was wrong for his mum.
(E) The only love Michael ever got from his dad.

The term 'child abuse' refers to a number of areas and is usefully considered under three headings. These cover (i) general neglect, systematic poisoning, and physical violence which in recent years has been euphemistically relabelled non-accidental injury; (ii) sexual abuse, which since the late 1970s has become increasingly recognised and found to be widespread; and (iii) psychological abuse, a concept that is gaining ground. It is safe to work on the assumption that children subjected to any form of general physical or sexual abuse will also suffer psychological abuse. Moreover, many children who are not physically abused are deliberately made to suffer painful psychological states such as fear, rejection, and loneliness, which constitute abuse. However, all figures on the extent of child abuse are at best imprecise estimates.

The Oxford Companion to the Mind, Oxford University Press, 1987, p. 131

37 Which of the following would you classify as non-accidental injury ?

(A) A parent leaving a seven-year-old child on his/her own in the house for a couple of days.
(B) A parent hitting a child to the extent of her/his needing medical care.
(C) A parent failing to provide enough food for a child.
(D) A parent keeping a child off school.
(E) A child being constantly criticized or shouted at.

38 The word moreover (line 14) signals that the continuation of the same sentence will:

(A) exemplify or illustrate a generalisation.
(B) contrast with the previous ideas.
(C) provide cause(s) for the consequences mentioned earlier in the text.
(D) add something to the existing argument.
(E) be related to the temporal sequences of events described in the text.

39 Sexual abuse has been recognized as a widespread social problem:

(A) for less than a decade
(B) for approximately twenty years now
(C) since World War II
(D) since 1970
(E) since the turn of the century

40 Compare Text II with Text I. How would you classify Michael's experience with his father in Text I in the light of the concepts presented in Text II?

(A) Physical and psychological abuse.
(B) Sexual and psychological abuse.
(C) Systematic poisoning and physical violence.
(D) Psychological abuse and systematic poisoning.
(E) Sexual abuse and non-accidental injury.

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