VESTIBULAR UFF/1997 - Inglês - Grupo J - 2ª Etapa VESTIBULAR UFF/1997 - Inglês - Grupo J - 2ª Etapa

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São Paulo: Street Corner to the World

	"A MOUTH WITH A THOUSAND TEETH." That was how the writer Mário de Andrade described
	São Paulo's ravenous skyline a half century ago. What would he say now? By all accounts, Brazil's
	largest city ought to have exploded. Disaster-mongers have for years been predicting a filthy,
	divided, crime-ridden megalopolis of monstrous proportions by the turn of the century. To be sure,
5	São Paulo is all those things. While the superrich helicopter to work, the poor huddle below in slums
	of tin and raw brick; the middle classes, meanwhile, barricade themselves behind triple-locked
	doors. And the poverty is getting worse. In the 1970s, 15 of every 100 newcomers ended up in the
	favelas, or slums; last year 85 of every 100 did. Crime has soared. The annual carnival set a grim
	record last year: 163 murders in four days.	
10		But São Paulo has a lot going for it, too. No one knows if the population is 16, 19 or 22
	million but all agree that its growth has slowed considerably. Though industrial jobs are waning,
	high-tech and service positions are on the rise. The city's GPD is $ 105 billion; if it were a country, it
	would rank among the world's 20 richest - fourth in South America.
		Its infuence goes beyond economics. Paulistas buy half of all books sold in Brazil, and the
15	prestigious University of São Paulo has drawn renowned scholars like Claude Levi-Strauss and
	Fernand Braudel. Few cities are as ethnically and racially diverse; 4 million Paulistas have Italian
	surnames, and the million-strong community of Japanese ancestry is the largest outside Japan.
	Poles, Germans, Ukrainians and Koreans, Jews and Arabs live side by side. "This city is a great
	street corner", says Rodolfo Konder, the city secretary of culture. "The whole world meets up here."

(Newsweek, 10 June 1996, p. 44)

Vocabulary:
- ravenous - if you are ravenous, you are very hungry indeed.
- huddle - if people huddle together or huddle round something, they stand, sit, or lie close to each other, usually because they feel cold or frightened.
- soar - if something soars, it suddenly increases or rises to a very high level.
- wane - if a condition, attitude, emotion, etc. wanes, it becomes weaker or smaller, often disappearing completely in the end.
English Learner's Dictionary - Collins Cobuild

Read the instructions carefully and make sure to answer all questions in English. Good luck!

1st Question: (1 mark)

Read the whole article first and then do a and b below.

a) Tick the statement that is TRUE about São Paulo according to the article.
( ) There are more people of Japanese descent than of Italian descent in São Paulo.
( ) With so many immigrants, São Paulo is the stage for continuous racial conflicts.
( x ) More immigrants end up in the São Paulo slums now than twenty years ago.
( ) São Paulo has stopped growing altogether.

b) Now find a sentence in the text to justify your choice.
In the 1970s, 15 of every 100 newcomers ended up in the favelas, or slums; last year 85 of every 100 did.

2nd Question: (2 marks)
a) Tick the words you think have been used with a negative connotation in the text.
( x ) disaster-mongers (line 3)
( ) rank (line 13)
( ) racially diverse (line 16)
( x ) barricade (line 6)
( ) street corner (line 19)

b) Find (a) word(s) or phrase(s) in the text that have been used to mean the following:
a violent big city: crime-ridden megalopolis
well-known: renowned
a person with great knowledge of, and skill in studying, a subject: scholar
very dirty: filthy
next to one another: side by side

3rd Question: (1 mark)
Transcribe a sentence from the text that has been written to express the following ideas:

4th Question: (3 marks)
Answer in your own words:

What do you think Mário de Andrade referred to when he described São Paulo as "a mouth with a thousand teeth"? (line 1)
He referred to the great number of high buildings that look like teeth in a big mouth.

Why does the author of the article say that "the middle classes...barricade behind triple-locked doors"? (lines 6-7)
Because they feel threatened by the ever-increasing level of violence in the city. They feel unsafe.

What do you think Rodolfo Konder meant when he said: "This city is a great street corner. The whole world meets up here."? (lines 18-19)
He meant to say that since São Paulo's population is largely composed of immigrants from all over the world, it can be compared to a busy street where people of different origins meet.

5th Question: ( 3 marks)

Complete Part C of the chart below with your opinion about Rio de Janeiro. It can be POSITIVE, NEGATIVE or both POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE. Then link all the ideas in A, B and C, and write three paragraphs describing it. You can add further details if you need them.
Rio de Janeiro is...

Resposta:

Rio de Janeiro, the capital city of the State of Rio, is situated in the southeast of Brazil with a population of approximately 10 million people. It is one of the most important cultural and tourist centres in this country and is famous world over for its tropical climate and natural beauty: the city has several white sandy beaches and is surrounded by beautiful mountains.
However, there are many problems that cariocas have to face. Two of them are drug trafficking, which has caused violence and crime, and unemployment which increases poverty and therefore the mumber of slum areas in the city.
In spite of all this, I like living here because...
E/OU
I dislike Rio because ...

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Digitação - Lúcia Regina Ribeiro Mariano
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